Participles

Participles are VERBAL ADJECTIVES

They are like VERBS in that they

Derive from verbs
Have voice (active, passive)
Have tense (present, perfect, future)
Are modified by adverbs

They are like ADJECTIVES in that they

Modify nouns
Have case
Have number
Have gender
Agree with the nouns they modify in CASE, NUMBER, & GENDER

Participles come in ONLY 4 flavors:

Present Active
Perfect Passive
Future Active
Future Passive

Participles:

Tense & voice	Stem/Princ. Part	marker	declension	translation
Present Active	2^nd + connecting vowel	-ns (=Nominative); -nt+ (=oblique cases)	3^rd	***ing
Perfect Passive	4^th		1^st/2^nd	Having been ***ed
Future Active	4^th	-ur+	1^st/2^nd	About to ***
Future Passive	2^nd + connecting vowel	-nd+	1^st/2^nd	To be ***ed

Participles by Conjugation Group:

Conjugation 1^st 2^nd 3^rd 3^rd io 4^th

Verb Amo video duco rapio scio translation

Present Active amans (amantis) videns (videntis) ducens (ducentis) rapiens (rapientis) sciens (scientis) "knowing"

Perfect Passive amatus, amata, amatum visus, visa, visum ductus, ducta, ductum raptus, rapta, raptum scitus, scita, scitum "having been known"

Future Active amaturus, amatura, amaturum visurus, visura, visurum ducturus, ductura, ducturum rapturus, raptura, rapturum sciturus, scitura, sciturum "about to know"

Future Passive amandus, amanda, amandum videndus, videnda, videndum ducendus, ducenda, ducendum rapiendus, rapienda, rapiendum sciendus, scienda, sciendum "to be known"

Connecting vowel -a- -e- -e- -ie- -ie-

Return to the Wheelock page
Return to the homepage

Conjugation	1^st	2^nd	3^rd	3^rd io	4^th
Verb	Amo	video	duco	rapio	scio	translation
Present Active	amans (amantis)	videns (videntis)	ducens (ducentis)	rapiens (rapientis)	sciens (scientis)	"knowing"
Perfect Passive	amatus, amata, amatum	visus, visa, visum	ductus, ducta, ductum	raptus, rapta, raptum	scitus, scita, scitum	"having been known"
Future Active	amaturus, amatura, amaturum	visurus, visura, visurum	ducturus, ductura, ducturum	rapturus, raptura, rapturum	sciturus, scitura, sciturum	"about to know"
Future Passive	amandus, amanda, amandum	videndus, videnda, videndum	ducendus, ducenda, ducendum	rapiendus, rapienda, rapiendum	sciendus, scienda, sciendum	"to be known"
Connecting vowel	-a-	-e-	-e-	-ie-	-ie-