Participial Phrases
participial clauses with participles
as adjectives
-
participle is a verbal adjective
-
noun it modifies is subject of
the participle
-
active participles can take direct
objects
-
participles are modified by adverbs
and prepositional phrases
types of participles
| tense
& voice |
formation |
p.p. |
marker |
declension
group |
translation |
| present
active |
Laudans
(laudantis) |
2nd |
-ns/-nt- |
3rd |
Praising |
| perfect
passive |
Laudatus,
-a, -um |
4th |
|
1st/2nd |
Having
been praised |
| future
active |
Laudaturus,
-a, -um |
4th |
-ur- |
1st/2nd |
About
to praise |
| future
passive |
Laudandus,
-a, -um |
2nd |
-nd- |
1st/2nd |
To
be praised |
To translate:
-
find the participle
-
identify by tense, voice, case,
number, gender
-
find the noun it modifies
-
determine the syntactic function
of the noun
-
translate accordingly
-
Virî Rômam videntês
gaudebant.
-
Rôma visa
virôs delectabit.
-
Iter hominibus Rômam vîsurîs
erat longum.
-
In Rômâ videndâ
virî habitabant.
Ablative Absolute
-
Participle in the Ablative Case
+ Noun in the Ablative Case
-
Dependant Clause
-
Translate according to context
-
Rômâ visâ, virî
gaudebant.
-
Virîs gaudentibus, iter
erat longum.
-
Rômâ videndâ,
vênêrunt virî.
-
Virîs Rômam visurîs,
feminae gaudebant.
Future Passive Periphrastic
-
Future passive participle (gerundive)
+ "sum, esse"
-
Participle agrees with subject
in CASE, NUMBER, & GENDER
-
Just like perfect passive verb
system
-
Accompanied by DATIVE of agent
-
Implies necessity or obligation
-
Caesar populîs Rômânîs
timendus
est.
-
Matrês liberîs amandae
sunt.
-
Flumina nautîs sunt
naviganda.
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