Independent Subjunctive

• Jussive "let …"

• Purpose Clause [ut/ne + subjunctive]
• Result Clause [ut/ut nôn + subjunctive] {indicator: adeo, ita, sîc, talis, tam, tantus, tot }
• Indirect Question {Main verb = ? verb; clause marker = ? marker: quis/quid, qui, quae, quod, quam quandô, cûr, ubi, unde, uter, utrum … an }
• Cum:
• Cum + preposition: next word will be ABLATIVE: with…
• Cum temporal [with indicative verb]: when…
• Cum circumstantial [with subjunctive verb]: while…
• Cum Causal [with subjunctive verb]: since…
• Cum Adversative [with subjunctive verb]: although…
• Proviso [dummodo + subjunctive]
• Conditionals:
• Simple with indicative verbs
• With subjunctive verbs
• Contrary to fact present (were/would: imperfect subjunctives)
• Contrary to fact past (had/would: pluperfect subjunctives)
• Future less vivid (should/would: present subjunctives)
• Indirect Command ("Jussive Noun Clause") [ut/ne + subjunctive]
• In the MAIN CLAUSE, look for a verb that gives a command (in the broadest sense): e.g., hortor, impero, moneo, oro, persuadeo, peto, quaero, rogo
• Cicero imperat Caesarî ut Britanniam vincat.
• Cicero persuadet senatuî Romanô ne sê in exsilium mittat.

Indicative			Subjunctive
Present	Imperfect	Future	Present	Imperfect
Fiô	Fîêbam	Fîam	Fîam	Fierem
Fîs	Fîêbâs	Fîês	Fîâs	Fierês
Fit	Fîêbat	Fîet	Fîat	Fieret
Fîmus	Fîêbâmus	Fîêmus	Fîâmus	Fierêmus
Fîtis	Fîêbâtis	Fîêtis	Fîâtis	Fierêtis
Fîunt	Fîêbant	Fîent	Fîant	fierent

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