Subjunctive Syntax
Independent Subjunctive
Jussive "let …"
Dependent Subjunctive
Purpose Clause [ut/ne + subjunctive]
Result Clause [ut/ut nôn + subjunctive] {indicator: adeo, ita, sîc, talis, tam, tantus, tot }
Indirect Question {Main verb = ? verb; clause marker = ? marker: quis/quid, qui, quae, quod, quam quandô, cûr, ubi, unde, uter, utrum … an }
Cum:
Cum + preposition: next word will be ABLATIVE: with…
Cum temporal [
with indicative verb
]: when…
Cum circumstantial [
with subjunctive verb
]: while…
Cum Causal [
with subjunctive verb
]: since…
Cum Adversative [
with subjunctive verb
]: although…
Proviso [
dummodo
+ subjunctive]
Conditionals:
Simple with indicative verbs
With subjunctive verbs
Contrary to fact present (were/would: imperfect subjunctives)
Contrary to fact past (had/would: pluperfect subjunctives)
Future less vivid (should/would: present subjunctives)
Indirect Command ("Jussive Noun Clause") [main verb {hortor, impero, moneo, oro, persuadeo, peto, quaero, rogo} + ut/ne + subjunctive]
Relative Clauses:
Introduced by relative pronoun (
see § 17
)
agrees with its antecedent in
NUMBER
and
GENDER
CASE
is determined by function in the relative clause
To Translate:
find the relative pronoun
parse the relative pronoun
find its antecedent
translate the main clause up to the antecedent
take the relative pronoun directly after its antecedent
translate the relative pronoun 1
st
in its clause
translate the rest of the relative clause
With indicative verb: STATEMENT OF FACT
Cicero est vir qui patriam amat.
Cicero est vir quem patria amat.
With subjunctive verb: CHARACTERISTIC
homines sunt qui patriam ament.
Librî sunt hî quôs legam.
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Supines
Formed from 4
th
principal part
Verbal noun
active
4
th
declension
neuter
singular
Accusative of purpose
After verbs of motion
Imus victum.
Domum dormitum redit.
Ablative of Quality after certain adjectives and nouns
Mirabile dictû
Horribile dictû
Facile factû
Rem non modo visû foedam sed etiam auditû
Fas est dictû
Nefas est arbitratû
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